10 April 2021 . Sem categoria

wages of whiteness

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In making explicit our community’s need to pursue specifically anti-racist practices in staff hiring, development, and reward, the Association seeks to propel university presses forward — and to generate change across publishing. And any time we do a post on DEI, what I have to wade through isn’t particularly pleasant. Households with no work hours and those with heads greater than 54 years old have been excluded from the analysis to focus on working households in their prime years and avoid the inclusion of part-time workers transitioning into retirement. The Association recommends the first of the three planned toolkits, “Antiracism Toolkit for Allies,” to all of our white colleagues as an essential tool for understanding the scope and the process of dismantling institutionalized racism. This fails to take into account biases relating to class, disability, sexual orientation as well as gender that are currently barieers to entry and success within our industry. This is nothing more than classic ‘divide and conquer’ techniques by those who want to protect their own privilege that ultimately prevents progress being made. Would women being overrepresented in a favorable metric also represent sexism et cetera? In this report, we present key descriptive statistics of household wealth for specific subgroups of interest. Issues of racial inequity are increasingly at the forefront of America’s public debate. For each group, this is significantly more than the wealth of single-parent households. And I appreciate being cited in it. Ironically, Jefferson and Locke also both made arguments for the idea of inferior “races,” thereby supporting the development of the United States’ culture of racism. Differences in consumption habits also cannot explain the wealth gap; we look at academic research finding that white households spend more than black households of comparable incomes, yet still have more wealth. The School of Sociology and Social Policy at the University of Leeds provides top quality undergraduate, masters and research degree study options alongside research making an impact at local, national and international level. The terms black and white are used to refer to the representative respondents of a household who identified as non-Latino black or white in the Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF).2 Latinos include everyone who identified as Hispanic or Latino and may be of any race. If there is imbalance, what is the right balance for the graphic above? I also perceive deep connections between our DEI growth initiatives and our open knowledge initiatives that I haven’t seen discussed much — not just open access but publishing practices and infrastructure. You’re drawing an awful lot of conclusions about, “the level of privilege” that “they” enjoy, when I’m not sure you know anything about the commenters you’re referring to, or their level of “privilege”. Someone who is, say, Mexican is basically the same as someone who is Native South American, Caribbean, Mestizo, Mulato right? How past racial injustices are carried forward as wealth handed down across generations and reinforced by “color-blind” practices and policies. Indeed, research consistently finds that college graduates of every race and ethnicity have greater income and wealth than their counterparts who did not graduate college.6 Yet wealth also plays a role in determining who attends college in the first place, and how much debt students must take on to get a degree.7 In effect, education can generate a “wealth feedback loop,” as parents’ level of education and wealth significantly predicts the level of education their children will complete.8 Thus, the educational and wealth-building opportunities directly denied to people of color in past generations continue to reverberate in the lives of their children, even those whose educational achievements open up opportunities for well-paid employment opportunities. those who started or completed graduate school) have been excluded from the analysis. There are insufficient data in the SCF to produce this analysis for Native Americans and Asians. When policymakers explicitly consider the racial wealth gap in developing policy, the Racial Wealth Audit can provide information to achieve greater racial wealth equity. In 2014, black children with married parents were 3 times more likely to be living in poverty than white children with married parents, while Latino children with married parents were 4 times more likely to be living in poverty than their white counterparts.15. I fully support every effort to ensure that people are not excluded, from anything, based on race, gender, orientation, or view point. https://scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org/2021/04/05/publishers-care-about-the-version-of-record-do-researchers/ via @scholarlykitchn, Publishers Care about the Version of Record, Do Researchers? But working full time isn’t enough to close the racial wealth gap. Equity work cannot be the exhausting responsibility of our BIPOC and other historically excluded colleagues, dependent on the anti-racist commitments of a few active individuals, nor solely reactive to news cycles — anti-racism must become a part of the groundwater. A significant part of the world population is Latino. Confidence intervals are calculated using a dataset which averages the data from the 5 implicates that are provided in the SCF data for every survey household in the survey due to multiple imputation (see SCF website for further information on the survey design of the SCF). But why stop there? While this particular research looked only at a small number of presses in the US, the data are very much in line with numerous recent demographic studies of publishing and scholarly communications. Reasonable people want to know they work for an organization that does not discriminate illegally and maintains a welcome environment. The quality of scholarship that university presses produce, the rigorous standards that our community upholds, and the earned reputation for publishing “leading edge” scholarship and newly emerging fields are all awesome, in both laudatory and significantly less positive senses. Toolkits both for Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) in scholarly communications, and for Organizations, are now in development. These numbers cannot come as a surprise to anyone in our field. It is impossible to do demographic research without using demographics. Yes, each individual within a demographic is unique, and the broader the demographic used, the less applicable the conclusions are to any one individual, but those conclusions are not without value. Does it work the other way around? When we recognize both the significant power imbalances LGBTQIA+ and disabled communities experience and that intersecting non-majority identities can compound the biases an individual may encounter, these numbers simply add to the troubling picture of homogenous UP workplaces. Roh has published and presented significant work on scholarly communications and social justice, particularly in terms of how new modes, platforms, and access models for scholarly publication might consciously and radically address both demographic disparities and systemic inequities in the scholarly ecosystem. The Toolkits for Equity project, spearheaded by Niccole Leilanionapae‘aina Coggins, Gisela Fosado, Jocelyn Dawson, and Melanie Dolechek and now under the aegis of the Coalition for Diversity and Inclusion in Scholarly Communications, is also working to create effectively anti-racist workplaces. As a result, white families are 5 times more likely than black or Latino families to receive large gifts and inheritances, and the amounts they receive are far greater.9 An analysis of data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics finds that white recipients collect $5,013 more than black families on average over a two-year period.10 Not only do these funds add up to a substantial amount over time, but they can also be used to jump-start further wealth accumulation, for example, by enabling white families to buy homes and begin acquiring equity earlier in their lives and to make larger down payments on a first home, reducing interest rates and lending costs.11, For black and Latino households with at least some college education, the high cost of college is another reason why pursuing higher education—and even attaining a degree—is not more effective at reducing the racial wealth gap. The relatively low incidence of pushback in this forum shouldn’t be misinterpreted as acceptance by a broad cross section of SSP members. I do not understand how anyone can draw useful conclusions from this data as it relates illegal discrimination, prejudice, capitalism, privilege, power, “whiteness,” or any other linked causation. Director of Scholarly Communications & Information Policy The mission of the Society for Scholarly Publishing (SSP) is to advance scholarly publishing and communication, and the professional development of its members through education, collaboration, and networking. People make choices in their lives to pursue certain interests and certain professions. Look again at the excerpt from the AUPresses Antiracism Statement above. Yet, advantages such as greater access to gifts and inheritances offer white households more opportunities to gain and build wealth, even when they have completed less education. Yet many popular explanations for racial economic inequality overlook these deep roots, asserting that wealth disparities must be solely the result of individual life choices and personal achievements. As Jiménez and Beckert commented in sharing the sector breakdown: In fact, the [UP] data is so incredibly skewed it is unlikely that the few non- white, cis, straight, able people have any kind of demonstrative power or agency to push against the normative status quo standards. In the mid-1990s, the Association (then known as AAUP) discovered that among 100 presses, there were only 35 minority staff holding editorial positions. Building a more equitable society will require a shift in focus away from individual behavior towards addressing structural and institutional racism. Someone who is, say, Chinese is basically the same as someone who is Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander, South Asian, South East Indian right? No metric more powerfully captures the persistence and growth of economic inequality along racial and ethnic lines than the racial wealth gap. Does the color of my skin alone tell these researchers everything they need to know about me? On average, white households spent $13,700 per quarter, compared to $8,400 for black households. The picture is different for Latino households, which attend and graduate from college at lower rates than both black and white households. Update: After publication, Charlotte Roh contacted me to point out that her work on diversity in scholarly communications encompasses far more than the library-centered piece that is cited here. The Scholarly Kitchen is a moderated and independent blog. As the moderator, I’m seeing everything that comes in, both here and through various social media channels. Instead, we need to focus on policies that make our industry more inclusive for everybody – ending unapdi internships, not making a degree mandatory for every position, and flexible working for all would be three examples of how this could be done. To aid in that effort, the Institute on Assets and Social Policy developed the Racial Wealth AuditTM as a framework to evaluate public policy proposals for their potential to reduce the racial wealth gap. The researchers note that “for clothing, jewelry, personal care, entertainment, eating out, and other non- essential spending, our findings show that black consumers in fact spend the same or much less than whites, at all income levels.”22 The only category in which black households were found to consistently spend more was for utilities, including payments for electricity, heating fuel, water, sewer and telephone service; this may be due to the common utility company practice of risk-based pricing, which requires a deposit or other form of additional payment from customers with low credit scores, without stable employment, or with criminal records. I applaud the sentiment in the above post, but I’m not sure ‘whiteness’ is the most appropraite word to use here. The category “women” in each thus may be defined somewhat differently.) According to data from the Survey of Consumer Finances, the median white household possessed $13 in net wealth for every dollar held by the median black household in 2013. How can we make our practices for assessing quality, contribution, and impact more transparent and equitable? What does “equity” actually mean, and how is it different than equality? The median white adult who attended college has 7.2 times more wealth than the median black adult who attended college and 3.9 times more wealth than the median Latino adult who attended college. Through direct appeals to our US-based community, more than thirty member presses signed on to participate in the DBS 2.0. More whites, ergo racism? https://academicworks.cuny.edu/ulj/vol22/iss2/2/. Evidence suggests that Latino students may be more averse to taking on student loans even when they face substantial financial need for school.14. The courts, too, tied the possibility of citizenship to whiteness. Family structure does not drive racial inequity, and racial inequity persists regardless of family structure. Lots more work to do, indeed; just not the kind you’re thinking about. According to the US Census Bureau (https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US/PST045219) 76.3% of the U.S. population is “White alone” but that number goes down to 60.1% when it is “White alone, not Hispanic or Latino,” compared to our 81% white. Attending college is associated with wealth in a number of ways. Black and Latino households that include a full-time worker have much less wealth than white households with a full-time worker, and only slightly more wealth at the median than white households where the only person employed works part time. Since this report focuses on median wealth, 95 percent confidence intervals for all median point estimates are provided. We calculated medians and their confidence intervals for wealth of white, black, and Hispanic [the term used by SCF] households by education, family structure and full-time employment. With respect to race, how is each race defined, (another problem with this malleable concept, as reflected in prior comments.) Despite the financial benefits of marriage and partnership, including the opportunity to share expenses, provide child care within the family, or have two adult earners, the median white single parent is $19,800 wealthier than the median black couple with children, and $17,000 wealthier than the median Latino couple with children. The UP segment shows less gender imbalance than the full survey; cis women (whose current gender identity matches the sex they were assigned at birth) make up 64% of the UP workforce, whereas the full US publishing field stands at 74%. At the median, households in which at least 1 member works full time (35 or more hours per week) have greater wealth than households where the only jobs held are part-time positions (less than 35 hours per week). I really appreciate The Scholarly Kitchen publishing this guest post. The “normative status quo” of whiteness and the silencing effect of vocational awe may be understood as some of the toxins that have kept our demographic observations essentially unchanged. But the question of whether the United States should become an empire was sharply debated across the nation in the aftermath of the Spanish-American War and the acquisition of Hawaii in July 1898.At the behest of American businessmen who had overthrown the Hawaiian monarchy, the United States annexed the Hawaiian Islands and their rich plantations. Throughout this report, we use the term “racial wealth gap” to refer to the absolute differences in wealth (assets minus debt) between the median black and white households as well as between the median Latino and white households. Whiteness, as usefully defined by Angela Galvan, means “white, heterosexual, capitalist, and middle class” and, elaborated by Hathcock, “also stands as a marker for the privilege and power that acts to reinforce itself through hegemonic cultural practice that excludes all who are different.” Hathcock employs this view of whiteness to interrogate the failure of long-standing and indeed model diversity programs — the type of effort that Todd Honma argued a decade before “appeals to a limited form of identity politics.” A key example Hathcock dissects is the ARL Career Enhancement Program and its then-current application process: “Each of [the program] requirements assumes that applicants are situated in positions of white, middle-class, cisgender normativity that allow for the temporal, financial, and educational privilege that fulfilling these criteria would require.” David James Hudson called this “[d]iversity’s preoccupation with demographic inclusion and individual behavioral competence” which can preclude an effective examination of the groundwater of race, racism, and power. the preferred statistic, as it is not affected by extremely high values. The median white single parent has 2.2 times more wealth than the median black two-parent household and 1.9 times more wealth than the median Latino two-parent household. Finally, you appear inclined to interpret disparity as prima facie evidence of unfair discrimination. A growing library of resources for presses pursuing equity work are now available to members via the AUPresses collaboration space UP Commons, including an Equitable Workplaces group explicitly dedicated to addressing questions, sharing tools, and providing opportunities for improving equity in our workplaces. I love how Asians get lumped together. Upholding the value of the work university presses do may in effect paper over criticism of any hostile realities of the conditions in which that work is done. You don’t hire the people you’re not looking for. Even white households that include only part-time workers—with at least 1 person in the household employed but not working more than 35 hours a week—have statistically indistinguishable levels of wealth as black households with a member employed full-time.18. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Hathcock’s 2015 article, and later work by LIS scholars Isabel Espinal, Tonia Sutherland, and Charlotte Roh (2018), include adaptable recommendations for organizations to pursue — as do our own recent GECOR and Diversity & Inclusion task forces’ reports. So clearly, we continue to suffer from the same biases and inequity that many other industries face. Who has access to the books and journals that university presses publish? in the household—by marital status of the household head among white, black, and Latino households. Lyndon B. Johnson famously described the psychological wages of whiteness and their role in day-to-day life and politics in memorable terms: "If … Temple University Press Director Mary Rose Muccie asked during a December 2020 press directors’ session on brainstorming equity actions — unconsciously echoing a similar question Biodun Iginla, then an editor at Minnesota, posed to the community in 1996: “Do we practice what we publish?” Getting, at long last, to the point where we can honestly answer “yes” may be what makes the next benchmark survey an observation of healthier water. https://crln.acrl.org/index.php/crlnews/article/view/24321/32136 Similarly when the same survey asked about “reasons why black people in our country may have a harder time getting ahead than whites,” majorities of black, white and Latino Americans endorsed explanations such as “lack of motivation to work hard” and “family instability”—factors which the data reveal cannot account for the growth and persistence of the racial wealth gap. This infographic can afford to show multiple 1% and <1% categories, but doesn't have space for some of the nuance in Asian identity? If imbalance is concerning in itself, should we be concerned that men are underrepresented? Research probing the causes of the racial wealth gap has traced its origins to historic injustices, from slavery to segregation to redlining.1 The great expansion of wealth in the years after World War II was fueled by public policies such as the GI Bill, which mostly helped white veterans attend college and purchase homes with guaranteed mortgages, building the foundations of an American middle class that largely excluded people of color. Are all “Black” people the same? Raising children is expensive. This connection is explicit in this article’s opening quote, and implicit in the reference above to making “more equitable our human stores of knowledge”. Does the “privilege and power” associated with “whiteness” apply to all whites? Why do we only talk about the gender and orientation variables within those groups, and not social and geographical backgrounds? One point this piece touches on is that some demographics are effectively priced out of the industry due to lack of privilege. According to data from the Survey of Consumer Finances, the median white household that includes a full-time worker has 7.6 times more wealth than the median black household with a full-time worker. College is associated with “ whiteness ” apply to all whites the relatively low incidence of in... Average black household with a partner are included in the population at large US-based. Groups, and Latino households, which attend and graduate from college lower. Work is critical to the economic security of most American households the books journals... Guest post effect long-term change in our field parties aware of new developments in publishing from both the and. 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